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Table Of Contents:
What’s included: Ready-to-study anatomy, physiology and pathology notes of the endocrine system presented in succinct, intuitive and richly illustrated downloadable PDF documents. Once downloaded, you may choose to either print and bind them, or make annotations digitally on your iPad or tablet PC.
File List:
Overview of The Endocrine System
The Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis
Thyroid Function
Insulin, Glucagon & Regulation of Metabolism
Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Calcium & Phosphate Metabolism
Physiological Response to Stress
Reproductive Endocrinology
ADH Disorders
Adrenal Cortex Dysfunction
Adrenal Medulla Dysfunction
Calcium & Phosphate Imbalance Disorders
Diabetes
Diabetic Emergencies
Gonadal Dysfunction
Growth Dysfunction
MENS Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome
Pituitary Dysfunction
Thyroid Dysfunction
Free bonus: ‘Endocrinology’ chapter of Toronto Notes for reference and further detailed reading.
Một phần nhỏ nội dung từ sách
Endocrinology
Endocrinology: The scientific study of Hormones (Chemical Messengers) and the endocrine organs.
Endocrine system maintains Homeostasis in coordination with the nervous system.
Families of Chemical Messengers:
Amino Acid Derivatives:
Catecholamines (Eg. Adrenaline, Nor-Adrenaline & Dopamine) (Derived from Tyrosine) Histamine (Derived from Histidine)
a All Thyroid Hormones (Derived from Tyrosine)
Proteins:
0 All Pituitary Hormones
Steroids:
Sex Hormones (Derived from Cholesterol)
Fatty-Acid Derivatives:
Prostaglandins
Thromboxanes
etc.
Purines
Gases:
Eg. Nitric Oxide.
Acetylcholine
What is a Hormone?
Long distance chemical signals secreted by endocrine glands into the extracellular fluids
Travel in blood or lymph throughout the body.
ARE BIOLOGICALLY SPECIFIC: Interact with specific receptors of specific cells of specific target organs.
Either AMINO ACID BASED OR STEROIDS (cholesterol based) – Mostly amino acid based.
Only gonadal & adrenocortical hormones are steroids
Travel in blood or lymph throughout the body.
Synthesis of Chemical Messengers:
Steroidogenesis:
All steroid hormones are derived from Cholesterol.
There are 5 Families of Steroids, each with their main physiological member:
Progestagens
(Progesterone)
Androgens
(Testosterone)
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Oestrogens
Protein/Peptide Synthesis & Processing:
(Oestrogen)
Synthesis of polypeptide hormones can be more complex than Transcription & Translation.
Some Protein Hormones are initially synthesised as longer Pre-Prohormones.
These Pre-Prohormones are then cleaved, leaving Prohormones.
These Prohormones are then cleaved again, leaving active Hormones.
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